Gravitational
Responsible for attraction between objects that have mass. Every object with mass exerts a gravitational force on objects within its gravitational range. A small mass on Earth may exert a gravitational force on a couple objects in its near vicinity, while the Earth exerts a gravitational force on all the objects around Earth.
Electromagnetic
Responsible for attraction or repulsion between objects that have electric charge. Particles with the same charge (protons/electrons) repulse each other, while opposite charges attract. Electric forces are what keep atoms bonded together, and what cause reactions.
Strong
Responsible for interactions between objects made of quarks, such as protons and neutrons. They are held together in the nucleus despite the repulsion between protons.
Weak
Affects all kinds of elementary interaction, but is weaker than the strong and electromagnetic interactions. Basically is in everything, just really weak - hence the name.
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